SCOTT #1026 GEORGE S. PATTON 3 CENT

                             

   

George Smith Patton, Jr. (November 11, 1885 – December 21, 1945) was a United States Army general, who commanded the Seventh United States Army in the Mediterranean and European Theaters of World War II, but is best known for his leadership of the Third United States Army in France and Germany following the Allied invasion of Normandy.
Born in 1885 to a privileged family with an extensive military background, Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute, and later the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He participated in the 1912 Olympic Modern Pentathlon, and was instrumental in designing the M1913 "Patton Saber". Patton first saw combat during the Pancho Villa Expedition in 1916, taking part in America's first military action using motor vehicles. He later joined the newly formed United States Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces and saw action in World War I, commanding the U.S. tank school in France before being wounded while leading tanks into combat near the end of the war. In the interwar period, Patton remained a central figure in the development of armored warfare doctrine in the U.S. Army, serving in numerous staff positions throughout the country. Rising through the ranks, he commanded the U.S. 2nd Armored Division at the time of the U.S. entry into World War II.
Patton led U.S. troops into the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch in 1942, where he later established himself as an effective commander through his rapid rehabilitation of the demoralized U.S. II Corps. He commanded the Seventh Army during the Invasion of Sicily, where he was the first allied commander to reach Messina. There he was embroiled in controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers under his command, and was temporarily removed from battlefield command for other duties such as participating in Operation Fortitude's disinformation campaign for Operation Overlord. Patton returned to command the Third Army following the invasion of Normandy in 1944, where he led a highly successful, rapid armored drive across France. He led the relief of beleaguered U.S. troops at Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge, and advanced his army into Nazi Germany by the end of the war.
After the war, Patton became the military governor of Bavaria, but he was relieved of this post because of his statements on denazification. He commanded the Fifteenth United States Army for slightly more than two months. Patton died in Germany on December 21, 1945, as a result of injuries from an automobile accident there twelve days earlier.
Patton's colorful image, hard-driving personality and success as a commander were at times overshadowed by his controversial public statements. His philosophy of leading from the front and his ability to inspire troops with vulgarity-ridden speeches, such as a famous address to the Third Army, attracted favorable attention. His strong emphasis on rapid and aggressive offensive action proved effective. While Allied leaders held sharply differing opinions on Patton, he was regarded highly by his opponents in the German High Command. A popular, award-winning biographical film released in 1970 helped transform Patton into an American folk hero.

SCOTT #1011 MOUNT RUSHMORE 3 CENT

                                 

   


    
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota Sioux name: Six Grandfathers) near Keystone, South Dakota, in the United States. Sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum, Mount Rushmore features 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents: George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). The entire memorial covers 1,278.45 acres (2.00 sq mi; 5.17 km²) and is 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.
South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of famous people into the Black Hills region of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region. Robinson's initial idea was to sculpt the Needles; however, Gutzon Borglum rejected the Needles site because of the poor quality of the granite and strong opposition from Native American groups. They settled on the Mount Rushmore location, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure. Robinson wanted it to feature western heroes like Lewis and Clark, Red Cloud, and Buffalo Bill Cody, but Borglum decided the sculpture should have a more national focus and chose the four presidents whose likenesses would be carved into the mountain. After securing federal funding through the enthusiastic sponsorship of "Mount Rushmore's great political patron", U.S. Senator Peter Norbeck, construction on the memorial began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939. Upon Gutzon Borglum's death in March 1941, his son Lincoln Borglum took over construction. Although the initial concept called for each president to be depicted from head to waist, lack of funding forced construction to end in late October 1941.
Mount Rushmore has become an iconic symbol of the United States, and has appeared in works of fiction, and has been discussed or depicted in other popular works. It attracts over two million people annually.

SCOTT #962 FRANCIS SCOTT KEY 3 CENT

                                 

    

Born on August 1, 1779, in Frederick County, Maryland, Francis Scott Key became a lawyer who witnessed the British attack on Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. The fort withstood the day-long assault, inspiring Key to write a poem that would become the future U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner." Key later served as a district attorney for Washington, D.C. He died on January 11, 1843.

Early Life and Career

Francis Scott Key was born on August 1, 1779, in Frederick County, Maryland, to a wealthy clan on the plantation of Terra Rubra. He was educated at home until the age of 10 and then attended an Annapolis grammar school. He went on to study at St. John's College, ultimately returning to his home county to set up practice as a lawyer. Key wed Mary "Polly" Taylor Lloyd in the early 1800s, and the couple would go on to have 11 children. By 1805, he'd set up his legal practice in Georgetown, part of Washington, D.C.

War of 1812

By the early 1810s, the United States had entered into conflict with Britain over the kidnapping of U.S. seamen and the disruption of trade with France. The ensuing hostilities would come to be known as the War of 1812. Though opposed to the war due to his religious beliefs and believing that the disagreement could be settled without armed conflict, Key nonetheless served in the Georgetown Light Field Artillery.
British forces captured Washington, D.C., in 1814. Taken prisoner was a Dr. William Beanes, who also happened to be a colleague of Key. Due to his work as an attorney, Key was asked to help in the negotiation of Beanes' release and in the process traveled to Baltimore, where British naval forces were located along Chesapeake Bay. He, along with Colonel John Skinner, was able to secure Beanes' freedom, though they were not allowed to return to land until the British completed their bombardment of Fort McHenry.

Crafting 'The Star-Spangled Banner'

On September 13, the three at sea watched what would become a day-long assault. After continual bombing, to Key's surprise, the British weren't able to destroy the fort, and Key noted upon the dawning of the next morning a large U.S. flag being flown. (It had in fact been sewn by Mary Young Pickersgill at the request of the fort commander.)
The British ceased their attack and left the area. Key immediately wrote down the words for a poem that he would continue composing at an inn the next day. The work, which relied heavily on visualizations of what he witnessed, would come to be known as the "Defence of Fort M'Henry" and was printed in handbills and newspapers, including the Baltimore Patriot. The poem was later set to the tune of a drinking song by John Stafford Smith, "To Anacreon in Heaven," and came to be called "The Star-Spangled Banner."

SCOTT #967 CLARA BARTON 3 CENT

                                   

        

Clarissa Harlowe Barton, Clara, as she wished to be called, is one of the most honored women in American history. She began teaching school at a time when most teachers were men and she was among the first women to gain employment in the federal government. Barton risked her life to bring supplies and support to soldiers in the field during the Civil War. At age 60, she founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and led it for the next 23 years. Her understanding of the needs of people in distress and the ways in which she could provide help to them guided her throughout her life. By the force of her personal example, she opened paths to the new field of volunteer service. Her intense devotion to serving others resulted in enough achievements to fill several ordinary lifetimes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

An average of 91 cents of every dollar the American Red Cross spends is invested in humanitarian services and programs. Everything we do depends on the needs of the people that we serve.

SCOTT #C-76 MOON LANDING 10 CENT

                               

     

SCOTT #974 JULIETTGE LOW 3 CENT

                         

      
In 1948 a postage stamp honoring Low, Scott catalogue number 974, was issued by the United States. Over 63 million were printed, making this a common issue. At the time the Post Office had a policy of not honoring civic organizations; and it took a joint resolution of Congress, with the approval of President Harry S. Truman, to have the stamp produced. (The National Postal Museum suggests that it may have helped that Bess Truman was honorary president of the Girl Scouts.)
Juliette Gordon Low's home in Savannah is visited by Girl Scouts from all over the world. In 1965, her birthplace was listed as a National Historic Landmark.
In 1979, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
On May 29, 2012, the centennial anniversary of the Girl Scouts' founding was commemorated when Low was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Camp Juliette Low in Cloudland, Georgia, bears the name of its founder.
The Girl Scouts celebrate Juliette Gordon Low's October 31 birthday each year, as "Founder's Day".
She was also awarded two patents, a utility patent for a "Liquid Container for Use with Garbage Cans or the Like", Patent 1,124,925, and a design patent, D45234, for the trefoil Girl Scout Badge.

SCOTT #956 FOUR CHAPLINS 3 CENT

                       

 

Dorchester left New York on January 23, 1943, en route to Greenland, carrying the four chaplains and approximately 900 others, as part of a convoy of three ships (SG-19 convoy). Most of the military personnel were not told the ship's ultimate destination. The convoy was escorted by Coast 

Coast Guard Cutter USCGC Escanaba rescues Dorchester survivors.

The ship's captain, Hans J. Danielsen, had been alerted that Coast Guard sonar had detected a submarine. Because German U-boats were monitoring sea lanes and had attacked and sunk ships earlier during the war, Captain Danielsen had the ship's crew on a state of high alert even before he received that information, ordering the men to sleep in their clothing and keep their life jackets on. "Many soldiers sleeping deep in the ship's hold disregarded the order because of the engine's heat. Others ignored it because the life jackets were uncomfortable."
During the early morning hours of February 3, 1943, at 12:55 a.m., the vessel was torpedoed by the German submarine U-223 off Newfoundland in the North Atlantic.
The torpedo knocked out the Dorchester‍ '​s electrical system, leaving the ship dark. Panic set in among the men on board, many of them trapped below decks. The chaplains sought to calm the men and organize an orderly evacuation of the ship, and helped guide wounded men to safety. As life jackets were passed out to the men, the supply ran out before each man had one. The chaplains removed their own life jackets and gave them to others. They helped as many men as they could into lifeboats, and then linked arms and, saying prayers and singing hymns, went down with the ship.

SCOTT #909-21 OVERRUN COUNTRIES 5 CENT

    The World War 2 Axis power consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan. During the war, these countries conquered large territories. The Axis powers had long prepared for war, developing devastating military technologies. Although many armies bravely opposed the Axis, the enemy strength and strategies were too much. The overrun series honors the 13 countries occupied by the Axis. On the left of each stamp is a phoenix, the great bird of fire from Greek mythology, representing eternal rebirth. On the right is a female, breaking the bonds of oppression.


                        

SCOTT #1439 HANDS REACHING FOR CARE 8 CENT

    CARE is a private nonprofit agency that was formed by 22 private organizations. The letters CARE stand for Cooperative American Relief Everywhere. CARE's health care, food production, water supply, economic development, and environmental projects are at work around the world. Emergency relief is supplied to disaster areas and to refugees.Originally serving European nations only, CARE has now expanded to serve needy countries throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America.



                         

SCOTT #1433 JOHN SLOAN 8 CENT

    #1433 honors American artist John Sloan (1871-1951). Sloan is noted for his paintings, etchings, and illustrations of city subjects, landscapes , and figures. A noted teacher associated with the Arts Student League, Sloans students included Alexander Calder and David Smith.



                         

SCOTT #1421-22 DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS EMBLEM 6 CENT

    Formed in 1920, the Disabled American Veterans is a private nonprofit organization representing over 2 million veterans injured in the line of duty. In addition to providing essential services, the DAV is a watch group that advocates veterans rights.

                          

SCOTT #1254-57 CHRISTMAS 5 CENT FIRST SE-TENANT

    The 1964 Christmas stamps were the first American se-tenates! Se-tenate is a French term meaning, "to hold one another". This term is used to describe two or more attached stamps with different designs.


                                  

POST OFFICE MOTTO "NEITHER SNOW, NOR RAIN,NOR HEAT, ETC.

    You're probably familiar with the motto of the postal carrier, which is found inscribed on the New York City Main Post Office: "Neither snow, or rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds." The actual words were rendered by architect William Mitchell Kendall. However, he based the motto on words written by the Greek historian Herodotus back in the 4th-century B.C.
    Herodotus was speaking of the swift Persian messengers, who he said "travel with a velocity which nothing human can equal. Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor darkness, are permitted to obstruct their speed."

SCOTT #1193 PROJECT MERCURY "FRIENDSHIP CAPSULE 7"

    The Project Mercury stamp was printed and distributed to 305 Post Offices in sealed pouches, long before John Glenn even left on his historic flight. On his safe return, February 20, 1962, at 3:30 p.m. . Postal headquarters ordered the pouches be opened. Within 1 1/2 hours, many offices sold out their entire stock.




                             

SCOTT #1139-44 AMERICAN CREDO SERIES 4 CENT

    Each stamp from this series features quotes from historically important Americans. The stamps are fashioned to resemble colonial currency. Also, symbols that relate to the statement are incorporated into the designs, as well as likeness of the author's signature. The first of the series contains a statement taken from Washington's farewell advice to America, specifically those who would be leading the government in the future. All of the credos are important facets of the uniquely American point of view.



                                

SCOTT #1127 NORTH AMERICAN TREATY ORGANIZATION 4 CENT

    NATO was formed in 1950. The purpose of the alliance was to provide a common military defense for all member nations against possible aggression from the former Soviet Union and other Eastern countries. Today, in addition to providing a cooperative defense against foreign aggression, the goals of NATO include developing international cooperation, crisis support, peacekeeping, and disaster relief.


                           

SCOTT #1083 NASSAU HALL 3 CENT

    In 1792, our nation's capitol moved to its current home in Washington, D.C. Before this time, it had been located in several places, including Nassau Hall.
    The oldest building on the Princeton University campus, in New Jersey, Nassau Hall served as the capitol for four months when the Congress of the Confederation met there in 1783.



                                

SCOTT #658-668 KANSAS OVERPRINTS 1 CENT TO 10 CENT

    Post Office hold-ups were common in Kansas during the 1920's. Robbers stole stamps and took them to other states to sell. In 1929, overprinted stamps were experimented with in hopes of making it more difficult for stolen stamps to be sold. However, the overprints were often refused as valid postage by unaware postal workers. The public complained, and once the existing supply was used, the trial program was stopped.



                              

SCOTT #617-19 LEXINGTON-CONCORD ISSUES

    Early one April morning in 1775, 50 ragged "minutemen" faced 1,000 red-coated British soldiers across the bridge at Lexington-a shot was fired. ergo "The Birth of Liberty", which is commemorated in the 2 cent stamp. The 1 cent stamps honors "Washington at Cambridge" and the 5 cent stamp honors the "Minute Men" who were the first 88 American colonist to die in the battle of freedom.


                       

SCOTT #614-616 HUGUENOT-WALLOON ISSUE

    Once again, fear and persecution drove people down to the sea. The Huguenots, French Protestants, came ashore at Mayport, Florida, in 1562. "Ill fated" best describes that settlement. It was destroyed by disease, Indians, and finally, the Spanish. The Walloons, French and Belgian Protestants, fared better. The Dutch West India Company engaged them in 1624 to settle "New Netherland" at Fort Orange, now the city of Albany.



                       

SCOTT #630 WHITE PLAINS 2 CENT

    A commemorative honoring the 150th anniversary of the Battle of White Plains was issued in 1926 in a 100 stamp sheet. Later that year, a special 25 stamp sheet, with a commemorative inscription in the sheet margin, was issued with the same design for the International Philatelic Exhibition - this was the first U.S. souvenir sheet.



                         

 

SCOTT #730 FORT DEARBORN 1 CENT

    Fort Dearborn was built near the mouth of the Chicago River in 1803, and is considered the founding settlement of Chicago. Soldiers from Fort Dearborn protected Americans living on the frontier from hostile Indians. The fort was destroyed in 1812.
    A replica complete with articles from the original fort was built for the 1933 Century of Progress International Exhibition.


                                   

SCOTT #1775-78 AMERICAN FOLK ART 15 CENT

    Toleware is an object of varnished or painted tin, or sometimes pewter, usually in the form of a decorative domestic item.  Popular in Europe and the U.S. in the 1800's, some of the world's best toleware was created in Pennsylvania.



                        

SCOTT #1827-30 CORAL REEFS 15 CENT

    Coral reefs are formed by small sea animals. In life, these animals give the coral it's color, and in death, their limestone shells create rock-life formations. It is in this fashion that coral reefs build up, and over time, grow.



                             

SCOTT #2016 JACKIE ROBINSON 20 CENT

    In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier when he became the first African American to play major league baseball. He played his entire career for the Brooklyn Dodgers. With a .311 lifetime batting average, Rookie of the year and Most Valuable Player honors, Robinson was one of the best players in the majors in those years. This stamp is one of the Black Heritage series.



                      

SCOTT #1935 JAMES HOBAN & WHITE HOUSE 18 CENT

    When the federal government prepared to build living quarters for its President and his family, an open contest was sponsored to decide the plan for the building. The competition attracted a great deal of attention. Among all the entrants, James Hoban's design won.
    Hoban was born in Ireland and drew upon this influence. His drawings were modeled after the Irish Parliament's meeting place, the Leinster House.



                        

SCOTT #1912-19 SPACE ACHIEVEMENT 18 CENT

    The world's first reusable manned space-craft, the United States space shuttle, Columbia, was launched into space on April 12, 1981. Columbia's success changed space travel forever. Today, space shuttles are designed so that they may be used for multiple shuttles.



                       

SCOTT #2286-2335 WILDLIFE SHEET 22 CENT

                                         1987 WILDLIFE SHEET
    Featuring wildlife from through-out the U.S., this colorful sheet was no exception. Artist Chuck Ripper, premiere wildlife designer for the Postal Service, carefully selected and researched the animals, birds, and insects that appear on these beautiful stamps, rendering each one with lifelike detail.


                           

SCOTT #2647-96 WILDFLOWER SHEET 29 CENT

    Fifty-stamp sheets have always been a favorite with collectors, especially when they feature the beauty of nature, and this Wildflower sheet is no exception. Exquisite flowers in vivid colors make these 50 stamps some of the prettiest and most popular. In fact, the Postal Service was so certain this sheet would be in high demand, they ordered a press run larger than that for normal commemorative s . All the wildflowers pictured on this lovely sheet are native to America, and at least 1 or more can be found in each of the 50 states.



                  

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SCOTT #2819-26 SILENT SCREEN STARS 29 CENT

    Legendary artist Al Hirschfield created these Silent Screen caricatures. Hirschfield's trademark is the addition of the word NINA, his daughter's name, in the lines of some drawings. They are hidden, so look closely.




                      

SCOTT #4451-60 ADOPT A SHELTER PET 44 CENT

    In 2010 the U.S. recognized a major problem with abandoned pets in the country. Trying to make the citizens more aware of the problem that exists, the Post Office printed the "Adopt a Shelter Pet"  souvenir sheet featuring 5 different dogs and 5 different cats. These sheets created a rush to shelters to adopt a pet. Everyone has to do their share TO RESCUE A PET.




                         

 

SCOTT #2840 NORMAN ROCKWELL SOUVENIR SHEET 50 CENT

            PRINTING IMPROVEMENTS MADE THE ROCKWELL SHEET POSSIBLE
A triple self portrait and four freedoms reflect the technological improvements in off-set printing that allowed the reduction of Rockwell's 44"x 48" paintings to tiny 1" x 1 1/2" stamps, with little loss of the detail for which he was famous . Rockwell's paintings of ordinary folks were filled with gentle humor and respect for humanity's basic values.



                      

SCOTT #2841 MOON LANDING SOUVENIR SHEET 29 CENT

   On July 20,1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong spoke the words, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind," and stepped out of the safety of the lunar module "Eagle" and onto the surface of the moon. This stamp celebrates the 25th anniversary of that amazing achievement.



                              

SCOTT #2869 LEGENDS OF THE WEST 29 CENT

                                                               INTERESTING FACTS

                       

SCOTT #2981 VICTORY AT LAST 1945 32 CENT

                                                        INTERESTING FACTS!!!!!!!

                      

SCOTT #2967 MARILYN MONROE 32 CENT

   
Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol, starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s.
After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox. Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950) drew attention. By 1952 she had her first leading role in Don't Bother to Knock and 1953 brought a lead in Niagara, a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her 'dumb blonde' persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and The Seven Year Itch (1955). Limited by typecasting, Monroe studied at the Actors Studio to broaden her range. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. Her production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, released The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Some Like It Hot (1959). Monroe's last completed film was The Misfits (1961), co-starring Clark Gable, with a screenplay written by her then-husband, Arthur Miller.
The final years of Monroe's life were marked by illness, personal problems, and a reputation for unreliability and being difficult to work with. Ever since Monroe's death from an overdose of barbiturates on August 5, 1962, the exact circumstances have been subject to conjecture. Though officially classified as a "probable suicide", the possibilities of an accidental overdose or a homicide have not been ruled out. In 1999, Monroe was ranked as the sixth-greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute. In the decades following her death, she has often been cited as both a pop and a cultural icon as well as the quintessential American sex symbol. In 2009, TV Guide Network named her No. 1 in Film's Sexiest Women of All Time.




                         

SCOTT #3082 JAMES DEAN 32 CENT

   
James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 – September 30, 1955) was an American actor. He is a cultural icon of teenage disillusionment and social estrangement, as expressed in the title of his most celebrated film, Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he starred as troubled teenager Jim Stark. The other two roles that defined his stardom were loner Cal Trask in East of Eden (1955) and surly ranch hand Jett Rink in Giant (1956). Dean's enduring fame and popularity rest on his performances in only these three films, in two of which he is the leading actor.
Dean's premature death in a car crash cemented his legendary status. He became the first actor to receive a posthumous Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, and remains the only actor to have had two posthumous acting nominations.In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him the 18th best male movie star on their AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list.

                          

SCOTT #3152 HUMPHREY BOGART 32 CENT

   

Humphrey Bogart
Bogart in a publicity photo, 1945
Born	Humphrey DeForest Bogart December 25, 1899 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	January 14, 1957 (aged 57) Westwood, California, U.S.
Cause of death	Esophageal cancer
Resting place	Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
Education	Trinity School
Alma mater	Phillips Academy
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1921–1956
Height	5 ft 7.5 in (171.5 cm)
Spouse(s)	Helen Menken (1926–1927) Mary Philips (1928–1937) Mayo Methot (1938–1945) Lauren Bacall (1945–1957; his death)
Children	Stephen H. Bogart, Leslie Bogart
Parent(s)	Dr. Belmont DeForest Bogart Maud Humphrey
Awards	Academy Award for Best Actor (1951) for The African Queen
Website	www.humphreybogart.com
Signature

Humphrey DeForest Bogart (/ˈboʊɡɑrt/;December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957) was an American screen actor whose performances in such iconic 1940s films noir as The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca, and The Big Sleep, earned him the legacy of cultural icon. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star in the history of American cinema. Over his career he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one.
Bogart began acting in 1921 after a hitch in the U.S. Navy in World War I and little success in various jobs in finance and the production side of the theater. Gradually he became a regular in Broadway shows in the 1920s and 1930s. When the stock market crash of 1929 reduced the demand for plays, Bogart turned to film. His first great success was as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936), and this led to a period of typecasting as a gangster with films such as Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) and B-movies like The Return of Doctor X (1939).
Bogart's breakthrough as a leading man came in 1941, with High Sierra and The Maltese Falcon. The next year, his performance in Casablanca raised him to the peak of his profession and, at the same time, cemented his trademark film persona, that of the hard-boiled cynic who ultimately shows his noble side. Other successes followed, including To Have and Have Not (1944); The Big Sleep (1946); Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948), with his wife Lauren Bacall; and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948); In a Lonely Place (1950); The African Queen (1951), for which he won his only Oscar; Sabrina (1954); and The Caine Mutiny (1954). His last film was The Harder They Fall (1956). During a film career of almost 30 years, he appeared in 75 feature films.

                      

SCOTT #3329 JAMES CAGNEY 33 CENT

   
James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899 – March 30, 1986) was an American actor and dancer, both on stage and in film, though he had his greatest impact in film. Known for his consistently energetic performances, distinctive vocal style, and deadpan comic timing, he won acclaim and major awards for a wide variety of performances. He is best remembered for playing multi-faceted tough guys in movies like The Public Enemy (1931), Taxi! (1932), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) and White Heat (1949) and was even typecast or limited by this view earlier in his career. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among its 50 Greatest American Screen Legends. Orson Welles said of Cagney that he was "maybe the greatest actor who ever appeared in front of a camera"^[ and Stanley Kubrick considered him to be one of the best actors of all time.
In his first professional acting performance, Cagney danced costumed as a woman in the chorus line of the 1919 revue Every Sailor. He spent several years in vaudeville as a dancer and comedian, until he got his first major acting part in 1925. He secured several other roles, receiving good notices, before landing the lead in the 1929 play Penny Arcade. After rave reviews, Warner Bros. signed him for an initial $500-a-week, three-week contract to reprise his role; this was quickly extended to a seven-year contract.
Cagney's seventh film, The Public Enemy, became one of the most influential gangster movies of the period. Notable for a famous scene in which Cagney pushes a grapefruit against his co-star's face, the film thrust him into the spotlight. He became one of Hollywood's biggest stars and one of Warner Brothers' biggest contracts. In 1938, he received his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination, for Angels with Dirty Faces for his subtle portrayal of the tough guy/man-child Rocky Sullivan. In 1942, Cagney won the Oscar for his energetic portrayal of George M. Cohan in Yankee Doodle Dandy. He was nominated a third time in 1955 for Love Me or Leave Me. Cagney retired from acting and dancing in 1961 to spend time on his farm with his family. He exited retirement, twenty years later, for a part in the 1981 movie Ragtime, mainly to aid his recovery from a stroke.^{[citation needed]}
Cagney walked out on Warner Brothers several times over the course of his career, each time returning on much improved personal and artistic terms. In 1935, he sued Warners for breach of contract and won. This was one of the first times an actor prevailed over a studio on a contract issue. He worked for an independent film company for a year while the suit was being settled—and established his own production company, Cagney Productions, in 1942, before returning to Warners four years later. In reference to Cagney's refusal to be pushed around, Jack L. Warner called him "The Professional Againster". Cagney also made numerous morale-boosting troop tours before and during World War II, and was president of the Screen Actors Guild for two years.